A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This is evident in the inscription of ashoka the great ashoka major rock editict no. Kulothunga chola ii wikimili, the free encyclopedia. This chronology identifies the cholaking with kulothunga chola ii, who reigned from 1350 and was also. During this period the early vaisnava acharyas, viz. The myth of kulotthunga cholas persecution of vaishnavas indias. Through their leadership and vision, chola kings expanded their territory and influence. Gold and riches to the temple were donated by rajaraja chola s daughter kundavai ii while chola king vikrama chola 111815 a. From 1070 ad till 1279 ad, is the period assigned to the later cholas.
Sanga kaalam and the social and economic practices. The tamil periodical kalki serialized the book in the mid1950s. Kulothunga chola ii posted on june 15, 2008 by sundaresanr after watching the movie dasavatharam, my mind was haunting on the first 2 reels about kulothunga cholan, as i am passionate on history. During his final stage of his life ramanuja completed is famous vedantasutra commentary the sribhasya. He identified the chola king with kulothunga chola i reigned 10701120, and dated the exile to melkote from 1079. Prester john was rajadhiraja chola ii prince jadaron bagrutuni the first christian emperor of the three indias. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Rajadiraja chola ii 11631178 kulothunga chola iii 11781218 rajaraja chola iii 12161256 rajendra chola iii 12461279, last of the cholas. Kulothunga chola std 7 the kingdom of deccan vishnu vardhana, a brother of pulakesin ii, was. Chakravarti kulottunga choladeva was an 11thcentury monarch of the chola empire of south india. In these inscriptions he is called mahamandalesvara kulothunga chola gangeya gonkaraju and was subordinate to rajaraja ii whose23rd year corresponds to a. Great living chola temples wikimili, the best wikipedia. The original temple was enlarged during the period of kulothunga chola i, vikrama chola, kulothunga chola ii and kulothunga chola iii as in chidambaram 11th through the th centuries. This chronology identifies thechola king with kulothunga chola ii, who reigned from 1350 and was also arguably known for his persecution of vaisnavites. The earliest datable references to the chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century. Relatively few works on vaishnavite religion had been composed during the chola. Far from persecuting vaishnavas, kulottunga chola i built vishnu temples. Kulothunga chola ii was a 12thcentury king of the chola dynasty of the tamil people of south.
Yes, sri vaishnava accounts describe in great detail the persecution of ramanujacharya and his disciples at the hands of a certain chola king, known as krimikantha chola. The first seven books were later called as tevaram, and the whole saiva canon, to which was added. The book is a comprehensive manual of ethics, polity and love, containing. Bagavath ramanuja vedanta theistic indian philosophy. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century. In its floruit, kings rajaraja chola ireign 9851014 a. And kulothunga chola i was his uncle this marital link between the kings of kalinga and chola is worth remarking upon. Sekkizhar simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. Through his sribhasya he established the monotheistic principles of. Ramanuja, who was a srivaishnavite, might have faced threats from some shaivite chola rulers who were religiously intolerant.
You may begin with the history of tamils by pt srinivasa iyengar. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Tamil poetry project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. Important dynasties and kingdoms of ancient india upsc ias prelims examination, haryanka dynasty, shishunaga dynasty, nanda dynasty, mauryan dynasty, indo. He only returned to sri rangam after the chola king. He was made his heir apparent and coregent in 1146 and so the inscriptions of rajaraja ii count his reign from 1146. Under rajaraja chola i and his successors rajendra chola i, rajadhiraja chola, virarajendra chola, and kulothunga chola i, the dynasty became a military. Religious books on the vaishnava sect were mostly composed in sanskrit during this period. Rajendra chozha is all sons died in different war fronts within few decades of rajendras death.
Bagavath ramanuja free download as powerpoint presentation. Sundara chola project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Of all chola kings,only one king kulottunga chola ii did not. Kulothunga chola i, vikramachola, kulothunga chola ii and kulothunga. Is there any historical evidence for persecution of vaishnavaites by kulothunga chola ii. Ramanuja or ramanujacharya was an indian theologian, philosopher, and one of the most. This chronology identifies the chola king with kulothunga chola ii, who reigned from 1350 and was also arguably known for his persecution of vaisnavites. He was one of the sovereigns who bore the title kulottunga, literally meaning the exalter of his race in sanskrit. Ramanuja standardized the liturgy at these temples and increased the standing and the membership of the srivaishnava school of thought.
The decline of the chola power started beginning 1215 ad. Rangaraja nambi rebeled against the king and he was chained and thrown into sea by the the king. He succeeded his father vikrama chola to the throne in 15 ce. Rajaraja chola ii tamil succeeded his father kulothunga chola ii to the chola throne in 1150. His father was king rajaraja narendra of the eastern chalukya dynasty who was the nephew. His mother, ammangaidevi, was a chola princess and the daughter of emperor rajendra chola. Many saiva nayanmars and vaishnava alvars provided a great stimulus to the. Journal of south asian studies esci journals publishing. He captured gangavadi from kulothunga chola and gangavadi served as a buffer state between the chalukyas and the chola empire. Rajendran i won western chalukyas and captured kalinga. Is there any historical evidence for persecution of vaishnavaites by. He did not belong to the main line of cholas but was rather a prince of the eastern chalukya dynasty. Nataraja temple, chidambaram wikipedia republished wiki 2. The successor to kulothunga chola i was favorable to ramanuja so he was left undisturbed.
Vikrama chola made kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 13 ce, so the inscriptions of kulothunga ii count his reign from 13 ce. Ravikirti a jain, the court poet of pulakesin ii composed the aihole inscription. Rajamahendra chola 10601063, a son of rajendra ii, is said to have built the second prakara wall, and the enclosure so formed is called rajamahendran tiruvidi. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling powers in world history which were the tamil dynasty in southern india. Kulothunga chola iii 1178 1218 adwas able to crush the pandyas in madurai, cheras of venad, hoysalas of mysore as well as the sinhala kings of sri lanka. Kulothunga cholan i supported poets like jeyamkondar, otakoothar, pughazhenthi kambar. Vishnu vardhana brother of pulakesin ii was the founder of the eastern chalukya empire of vengi. As there were no direct descendents of vijayalaya chozha left, kulothunga rajendras nephew from eastern chalukya kingdom called. Rajaraja chola conquered peninsular south india, annexed parts of sri lanka and occupied the islands of the maldives. The hagiology of saivism was standardised in periyapuranam also known as tiruttondar puranam by sekkilar, who lived during the reign of kulothunga chola ii 131150 ce. Tnpsc history model questions with detailed answer1. In the olden days tiruvarur has been an important town for the chola kings. Next lets talk of the guruvayur temple in kerala, thrissur district.
The earliest date for this gonkaraja is 239 and 2nd year of kulothunga choda deva mentioned id two inscriptions at draksharama. Parantaka ii ascended the chola throne despite the fact that uttama chola, the son of gandaraditya, the elder brother of arinjaya was alive and he had equal if not more claim to the chola throne. Sri vaishnava tradition holds that ramanuja disagreed with his guru and the nondualistic advaita. Nataraja temple, also referred to as the chidambaram nataraja temple or thillai nataraja temple, is a hindu temple dedicated to nataraja shiva as the lord of dance in chidambaram, tamil nadu, india. Tamil and indian kings list are validated by contemporary literature and astronomical data.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The temple has mythical roots and a shiva shrine existed at the site when the town was known as thillai. During his time major development work at the natarajar temple at thillai chidambaram was carried out. The latter finds mention in the vaishnava guruparampara and is said to have been a strong opponent of the. Thiruvarur town is the head quarters for tiruvarur district in india, located at a distance of 58 km from thanjavur a. Kulothunga chola ii began to restore tamil shaivism that was begun by his ancestors because he was a great devotee of lord nataraja shiva at chidambaram. The king called upon sekkizhar to compose a poem on the life of shaiva saints. Its because of this persecution that ramanujacharya left sri rangam and went to melkote. The early sangam literature, starting from the period of 2nd century bce, contain. Rajendra ikulothunga isocioeconomic and religious condition.
Kulothunga chola ii was a 12thcentury king of the chola dynasty of the tamil people of south india. To go beyond good and evil as nietzsche hoped in one of his books, one must first. As one of the three crowned kings of tamilakam, along with the chera and pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until the th century ce. Tnpsc history model question paper with detailed answer1. Vikrama chola made kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 13 ce, so the inscriptions of kulothunga ii count his reign from 13. Download in pdf tnpsc history model question paper with detailed answer. Chola king parantaka ii was with close friendship with and sent the business team in 1077 rajendra iii was called as sungam thavirtha chola. Every year in the tamil month of chithirai april may, a 10day festival is celebrated.
Rajendra chola iii was held hostage by the kadava chieftain, kopperunchinga, his own feudatory. Prehistoric south india, prehistory of sri lanka, south asian stone age, bronze age india, and iron age india palaeolithic the prehistoric period during which lower palaeolithic settlements existed in the t. A history of the chola dynasty of india india tour a. The book was serialised in the tamil periodical kalki during the mid1950s. He was the grandson, through his mother, of kulothunga chola ii, the cholan soli emperor of the three indias. In 1070 ad, kulothunga chola i, the son of rajaraja narendrachalukya chola, ascended the chola throne starting the later chola dynasty. The chola dynasty was at the peak of its influence and power during the medieval period. The chola regime was reputed for its siva bhakti as it was for its anatagonism against vaishnavism, jainism and buddhism. It mentions his minister kandravadi morampudi dotmayaka. This literature discusses in detail the time zone and events of the chola rule chronologically. Chidambaram, the name of the city and the temple literally means atmosphere of. Under rajaraja chola i and his successors rajendra chola i, rajadhiraja chola. This book, tamil civlization and culture upto 36 a. Kulothunga chola ii was himself an ardent devotee of siva in the form of nataraja in chidambaram.
In the third century bce, the cholas rose into the power of tamil territory. In fact, rajendra chola i was the first indian king to take his armies overseas and make conquests of these territories, even though there is epigraphical evidence of pallava presence in these very areas, but it is not known that burma and indochina were subordinate to them, as they were under rajendra and his successors up to kulothunga i. His mother, ammangaidevi, was a chola princess and the daughter of emperor rajendra chola i. Rajarajas reign began to show signs of the coming end of the dynasty. His father was a christian bagrutuni prince aton of the ossetes. Read and free download tnpsc model question papers in pdf. What was the history of tamil nadu before the kings. When parantaka ii became king, the chola kingdom had shrunk to the size of a small principality.
Besides, several vaishnava literature and tiruvilayadal written by. Important dynasties and kingdoms of ancient india upsc ias. Raja raja chola i project gutenberg selfpublishing. Thillai nataraja temple, chidambaram project gutenberg. In tamil literature, periya puranam, the great poem works of sekkizhar is considered the fifth veda. Vaishnavism and saivism flourished during their period.
He commanded ramanuja to come to his court to make him agree that siva is supreme. Rajaraja chola conquered peninsular south india, annexed parts of sri lanka and occupied the. The rule of the later cholas was not as strong as those of the emperors up to rajendra chola ii. Sethuraman, rajadhiraja was not the direct descendant of rajaraja chola ii. Kulothunga iis reign was a period of general peace and good governance. Pdf the art and architectures along the tamil nadu coast. He only returned to sri rangam after the chola king had died.